California licenses walk-in gold and jewelry buyers as secondhand dealers under Business and Professions Code 21625 and following, and operating without one can be charged as a misdemeanor. The rules cover items bearing a serial number, initials or an inscription, plus any class of goods that makes up more than 10% of property reported stolen in California the year before; the Department of Justice's reporting bulletin lists jewelry and precious metals as one of the classes it measures. For each sale the dealer verifies a government ID such as a passport, driver's license or state ID card (in person or remotely), records your certification that you own the items or may sell them, takes a legible fingerprint, keeps those records three years and reports the purchase to the state's CAPSS database by the next business day. No reportable purchase may be made from a minor.
The dealer then holds the item seven days from the report; the hold can end after five days if the shop resells it and records the buyer's name and contact details. Police can place a further hold of up to 90 days on property they believe is stolen. Coins, monetized bullion and marked bars of .99 fine or better are outside the reporting and hold rules, and cities and counties may not add their own ID, holding or reporting rules for them. State secondhand dealer law sets no cash limit or check-only rule for these purchases.
AB 2633, signed September 27, 2026, takes effect January 1, 2027. It ends the separate treatment of coin dealers, states that every business acting as a secondhand dealer needs a California license and must report to CAPSS, and bars local permits for anyone without that state license.